Glutathione
CAS Number: 70-18-8
Molecular Formula: C10H17N3O6S
Molecular Weight: 307.32 g/mol
Synonyms: L-Glutathione (reduced), γ-L-Glutamyl-L-cysteinyl-glycine, GSH
Chemical Description
Glutathione is a low–molecular weight tripeptide composed of glutamic acid, cysteine, and glycine, naturally present in most mammalian tissues.
The molecule contains a reactive thiol group on the cysteine residue, which participates in redox reactions and thiol–disulfide exchange processes.
Glutathione typically exists in a reduced form under physiological conditions and can be reversibly oxidized to its disulfide form.
General Properties
- Appearance: White to off-white crystalline powder
- Structure: Tripeptide with a γ-glutamyl linkage between glutamate and cysteine, followed by a peptide bond to glycine
- Functional group: Free sulfhydryl (–SH) group on cysteine
- Solubility: Freely soluble in water, sparingly soluble in organic solvents
Usage Notes
Glutathione is widely used as a research reagent in studies involving redox biology, oxidative stress, detoxification pathways, and thiol-dependent enzymatic systems.
It is commonly employed as a reducing agent, a standard for thiol quantification, and a component in various in vitro assay systems.
Storage and Stability
Store the material in a tightly closed container, protected from light and moisture, at low temperature to minimize oxidation of the thiol group.
Solutions are typically prepared fresh and kept on ice or at reduced temperature to maintain stability.
Structural Classification
Compound type: Non-proteinogenic tripeptide containing a γ-peptide linkage and a free thiol group.
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